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          给 node 程序设置良好的日志格式
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            <div class="post-description">使用 console.log 记载的内容格式显得有些凌乱，而且不专业，就专门需要一个库来处理日志。</div>

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        <p>我们使用 winston 和 express-winston 记录日志。新建 logs 目录存放日志文件，修改 index.js</p>
<h2 id="用法"><a href="#用法" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h2><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 正常请求的日志</span></span><br><span class="line">app.use(expressWinston.logger(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    transports: [</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> (winston.transports.Console)(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            json: <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            colorize: <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;),</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> winston.transports.File(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            filename: <span class="string">'logs/success.log'</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">    ]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 路由</span></span><br><span class="line">routes(app);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 错误请求的日志</span></span><br><span class="line">app.use(expressWinston.errorLogger(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    transports: [</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> winston.transports.Console(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            json: <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            colorize: <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;),</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> winston.transports.File(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            filename: <span class="string">'logs/error.log'</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">    ]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以看出：我们将正常请求的日志打印到终端并写入了 logs/success.log，将错误请求的日志打印到终端并写入了 logs/error.log。需要注意的是：记录正常请求日志的中间件要放到 routes(app) 之前，记录错误请求日志的中间件要放到 routes(app) 之后。</p>
<p>logs/success.log 形式如下面的</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;<span class="string">"res"</span>:&#123;<span class="string">"statusCode"</span>:304&#125;,<span class="string">"req"</span>:&#123;<span class="string">"url"</span>:<span class="string">"/login.html"</span>,<span class="string">"headers"</span>:&#123;<span class="string">"host"</span>:<span class="string">"localhost:8110"</span>,<span class="string">"connection"</span>:<span class="string">"keep-alive"</span>,<span class="string">"cache-control"</span>:<span class="string">"max-age=0"</span>,<span class="string">"upgrade-insecure-requests"</span>:<span class="string">"1"</span>,<span class="string">"user-agent"</span>:<span class="string">"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36"</span>,<span class="string">"accept"</span>:<span class="string">"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8"</span>,<span class="string">"accept-encoding"</span>:<span class="string">"gzip, deflate, br"</span>,<span class="string">"accept-language"</span>:<span class="string">"zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8"</span>,<span class="string">"cookie"</span>:<span class="string">"_ga=GA1.1.962647850.1532401353; connect.sid=s%3AvPL_N3OEN-0NcRLGJBFw6Y6zt8hmrgyp.FPajpbCi8CMMymut1vt98HeHbapZnvTmY9U%2Fpr1yFaU"</span>,<span class="string">"if-none-match"</span>:<span class="string">"W/\"267-1640437f348\""</span>,<span class="string">"if-modified-since"</span>:<span class="string">"Fri, 15 Jun 2018 16:12:13 GMT"</span>&#125;,<span class="string">"method"</span>:<span class="string">"GET"</span>,<span class="string">"httpVersion"</span>:<span class="string">"1.1"</span>,<span class="string">"originalUrl"</span>:<span class="string">"/login.html"</span>,<span class="string">"query"</span>:&#123;&#125;&#125;,<span class="string">"responseTime"</span>:3,<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="string">"message"</span>:<span class="string">"HTTP GET /login.html"</span>,<span class="string">"timestamp"</span>:<span class="string">"2018-08-03T17:13:30.372Z"</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="string">"res"</span>:&#123;<span class="string">"statusCode"</span>:200&#125;,<span class="string">"req"</span>:&#123;<span class="string">"url"</span>:<span class="string">"/static/js/manifest.519623f75946789ea0b5.js"</span>,<span class="string">"headers"</span>:&#123;<span class="string">"host"</span>:<span class="string">"localhost:8110"</span>,<span class="string">"connection"</span>:<span class="string">"keep-alive"</span>,<span class="string">"user-agent"</span>:<span class="string">"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36"</span>,<span class="string">"accept"</span>:<span class="string">"*/*"</span>,<span class="string">"referer"</span>:<span class="string">"http://localhost:8110/login.html"</span>,<span class="string">"accept-encoding"</span>:<span class="string">"gzip, deflate, br"</span>,<span class="string">"accept-language"</span>:<span class="string">"zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8"</span>,<span class="string">"cookie"</span>:<span class="string">"_ga=GA1.1.962647850.1532401353; connect.sid=s%3AC6FUKlyraQq_G28MeY1nwkLy1MnEKEeO.39nIF8UJros%2BlhEorA693%2F9g8eqr7dC%2BUvEQNJSVhKA"</span>&#125;,<span class="string">"method"</span>:<span class="string">"GET"</span>,<span class="string">"httpVersion"</span>:<span class="string">"1.1"</span>,<span class="string">"originalUrl"</span>:<span class="string">"/static/js/manifest.519623f75946789ea0b5.js"</span>,<span class="string">"query"</span>:&#123;&#125;&#125;,<span class="string">"responseTime"</span>:5,<span class="string">"level"</span>:<span class="string">"info"</span>,<span class="string">"message"</span>:<span class="string">"HTTP GET /static/js/manifest.519623f75946789ea0b5.js"</span>,<span class="string">"timestamp"</span>:<span class="string">"2018-08-03T17:13:30.398Z"</span>&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="注意事项"><a href="#注意事项" class="headerlink" title="注意事项"></a>注意事项</h2><p>注意这两个库的版本，本人在<a href="mailto:winston@2.4.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">winston@2.4.0</a> 和 <a href="mailto:express-winston@2.6.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">express-winston@2.6.0</a> 上能成功，而如果 winston 升级到3后上面的代码会报错。并且需要手动创建 logs 文件夹以及其两个 log 文件</p>
<h2 id="参考来源"><a href="#参考来源" class="headerlink" title="参考来源"></a>参考来源</h2><p><a href="https://maninboat.gitbooks.io/n-blog/content/book/4.13%20%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://maninboat.gitbooks.io/n-blog/content/book/4.13%20%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97.html</a></p>

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